Tarkov features the most detailed weapon modification system in any FPS. Weapons can be customized with dozens of attachments including optics, grips, stocks, muzzle devices, handguards, lasers, flashlights, and magazines. Each attachment affects the weapon's ergonomics (aim speed and arm stamina drain) and recoil statistics. Learning which attachments to prioritize comes with experience, but generally focus on recoil reduction and ergonomics.
Ammunition selection is arguably more important than the weapon itself. Each caliber has multiple ammo types with different penetration values, damage, and price. High-penetration ammo defeats armor and is essential against geared players. For example, 7.62x39mm BP rounds penetrate most armor effectively, while basic PS rounds struggle against higher-tier protection. The ammo chart (available on community wikis) is essential reference material.
Armor in Tarkov is rated from Class 1 to Class 6, with higher classes stopping more powerful ammunition. Class 4 armor (such as the 6B3TM rig) offers good protection at reasonable cost for mid-wipe gameplay. Class 5 and 6 armors are expensive but can save your life against all but the best ammunition. Helmets protect against fragmentation and ricochet — the SSH-68 and Ratnik are budget-friendly options that can occasionally save you from headshots.
Budget loadouts are important for sustainability. Running expensive gear every raid will drain your finances quickly. A solid budget kit might include an SKS or VEPR with decent ammo, Class 4 armor, a ratnik helmet, and a tactical rig with spare magazines. Use your Scav runs to fund PMC raids, sell valuable items on the Flea Market (unlocked at level 15), and gradually work toward better equipment as your trader levels and income improve.